hydroxyproline (羥脯胺酸)

hydroxyproline (羥脯胺酸)

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hydroxyproline
羥脯胺酸
hydroxyproline (羥脯胺酸)
羥脯胺酸 (hydroxyproline)

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collagen, glycine, proline, hydroxyproline
collagen (膠原蛋白), Glycine (甘胺酸), proline (脯胺酸), hydroxyproline (羥脯胺酸)
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Glycine
甘胺酸
Glycine (甘胺酸)
甘胺酸 (Glycine)

proline
脯胺酸
proline (脯胺酸)
脯胺酸 (proline)

collagen
膠原蛋白
collagen (膠原蛋白)
膠原蛋白 (collagen)

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2022-02-20
Roles of dietary glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline in collagen synthesis and animal growth; PY2018; USA (美國);_WJD_2022-0220_V001R01_IR94, glutathione_RvD20220220_
Source or References (資訊來源或是參考的資訊):
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28929384/
Info cited on 2022-02-20-WD7 (資訊引用於 中華民國111年西元2022年2月20日) by 湯偉晉 (WeiJin Tang)
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Review Amino Acids
2018 Jan;50(1):29-38. doi: 10.1007/s00726-017-2490-6. Epub 2017 Sep 20.

Roles of dietary glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline in collagen synthesis and animal growth
Peng Li 1, Guoyao Wu 2
Affiliations
1National Renderers Association, Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA.
2Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2471, USA. g-wu@tamu.edu.
PMID: 28929384 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2490-6

Abstract
Glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline (Hyp) contribute to 57% of total amino acids (AAs) in collagen, which accounts for one-third of proteins in animals. As the most abundant protein in the body, collagen is essential to maintain the normal structure and strength of connective tissue, such as bones, skin, cartilage, and blood vessels. Mammals, birds, and fish can synthesize: (1) glycine from threonine, serine, choline, and Hyp; (2) proline from arginine; and (3) Hyp from proline residues in collagen, in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. In addition, livestock (e.g., pigs, cattle, and sheep) produces proline from glutamine and glutamate in the small intestine, but this pathway is absent from birds and possibly most fish species. Results of the recent studies indicate that endogenous synthesis of glycine, proline, and Hyp is inadequate for maximal growth, collagen production, or feed efficiency in pigs, chickens, and fish. Although glycine, proline and Hyp, and gelatin can be used as feed additive (飼料添加劑)s in animal diets, these ingredients except for glycine are relatively expensive, which precludes their inclusion in practical rations (這排除了將它們納入實際口糧的可能性). Alternatively, hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM) (水解羽毛粉), which contains 9% glycine, 5% Hyp, and 12% proline, holds great promise as a low cost but abundant dietary source of glycine, Hyp, and proline for ruminants (反芻動物) and nonruminants (非反芻動物). Because HFM is deficient in most AAs, future research efforts should be directed at improving the bioavailability of its AAs and the balance of AAs in HFM-supplemented diets. Finally, HFM may be used as a feed additive (飼料添加劑) to prevent or ameliorate connective tissue disorders in domestic and aquatic animals.

Keywords: Feather meal; Fish; Livestock; Nutritionally nonessential amino acids; Poultry.

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