##
migration infrastructure (移民基礎設施)
「Migration infrastructure（移民基礎設施）」是一個在移民研究中常用的概念，指的是支撐、促成或限制人口跨國流動的一整套制度、組織、技術、政策與實踐。
---
English: The term migration infrastructure refers to the network of institutions, technologies, regulations, and actors that enable, shape, or constrain migration flows.
中文: 「移民基礎設施」這個詞指的是由各種制度、技術、規範與行動者所組成的網絡，這個網絡促成、塑造或限制人口流動。
---
English: It highlights that migration is not just an individual decision or a market process, but depends on complex infrastructures that include recruitment agencies, transportation systems, legal frameworks, and information channels.
中文: 它強調移民不僅是個人決定或市場過程，而是依賴於複雜的基礎設施，如仲介機構、交通系統、法律架構以及資訊傳播管道。
---
English: Scholars often distinguish several components of migration infrastructure, such as the commercial, regulatory, technological, humanitarian, and social infrastructures.
中文: 學者通常會區分移民基礎設施的幾個組成部分，例如商業、監管、技術、人道與社會基礎設施。
---
English: The concept helps explain why migration patterns persist or change, even when policies or economic conditions shift.
中文: 這個概念有助於解釋為什麼即使政策或經濟條件改變，移民模式仍會持續或出現變化。
##
PlaceholderB
##
##
###
_%E7%94%A2%E5%93%81%E5%90%8D%E7%A8%B1_%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E9%A2%A8%E8%8F%AF%E8%86%A0%E5%9B%8A(Amino%20Essence%20Capsule)_%E5%8C%85%E8%A3%9D%E7%9A%84%E8%A6%8F%E6%A0%BC_60%E7%B2%92,%E5%A1%91%E8%86%A0%E7%93%B6%E8%A3%9D_%E5%8D%B0%E5%9C%A8%E7%99%BD%E8%89%B2%E5%A1%91%E8%86%A0%E9%8E%96%E5%8D%A1%E7%93%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%A8%99%E7%B1%A4%E4%B8%8A%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E5%85%A7%E5%AE%B9_2016-0821_V001R15_Final%20version_IR93_%E9%97%9C%E9%8D%B5%E5%AD%97%7B%E7%99%BE%E6%AD%90%E4%BB%95%E7%A7%91%E7%A0%94,%20Bio-X%20Lab%7D_designed%20by%20Douglas%20Tang,%20USA_%20(2).png){kind=logo}
沒有留言:
張貼留言