Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (結節性硬化症)
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (結節性硬化症)
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (結節硬化症)
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Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (結節性硬化症)
資訊來源 (Info Source):
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41572-026-00688-9
Published: 12 March 2026
Tuberous sclerosis complex
Kellen Winden,
E. Martina Bebin,
…
Mustafa Sahin
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Nature Reviews Disease Primers volume 12, Article number: 11 (2026) Cite this article
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Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disease caused by heterozygous loss-of-function variants in TSC1 or TSC2. Patients present with benign tumours known as hamartomas in the brain, eyes, lungs, kidneys, heart and skin. Many hamartomas contain mosaic second hit variants in TSC1 or TSC2. The most disabling features of TSC include epilepsy and TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorders (TAND) such as intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Remarkable progress has been made both in understanding the pathogenesis of TSC and in its clinical management, largely due to the discovery of the link between TSC1 and TSC2 and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway. TSC1 and TSC2 form a protein complex that inhibits mTOR. Naturally occurring inhibitors of mTOR (rapamycin) and its analogues, collectively known as rapalogues, have been used to test various hypotheses in preclinical models and are approved for the treatment of several manifestations of TSC. Approved drug treatments (rapalogues) exist for subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, renal angiomyolipomas, pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, facial angiofibromas and refractory seizures. However, there is still an unmet need for effective treatment of TAND and refractory epilepsy, despite the available medical and surgical options.
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Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (結節性硬化症)
結節性硬化症(Tuberous Sclerosis Complex;簡稱TSC)是一種遺傳疾病,目前已知病因有TSC1(結節性硬化症第一型)、TSC2(結節性硬化症第二型)兩種類型的基因突變,造成患者神經細胞和髓鞘形成不良,產生結節硬化。由於人體神經組織遍佈全身,導致病人在不同的器官出現瘤塊。結節性硬化症,臨床上表現出非常多樣化的症狀,較為明顯的徵象是臉部皮膚出現血管纖維瘤或額頭斑塊、指甲邊緣有纖維瘤、身體上有三個以上的脫色斑(大片白斑)、臉部或身上有較為粗糙的鯊魚皮斑。
此外,目前藉著斷層掃描、超音波、核磁共振造影等儀器,可以發現有些患者會出現多個視網膜異位瘤、腦皮質結節、腦室管下結節、腦室管下巨細胞星狀瘤、心肌瘤、淋巴管肌瘤增生及腎血管肌脂肪瘤等不同的病徵。臨床上患者表現的症狀僅有其中一或兩種,或是複合徵狀。其他臨床上的表現,部分患者常因腦部的結節,致使神經傳導受阻,引發腦部不正常放電,產生癲癇,患者如服藥控制癲癇,可使腦部細胞不致受損。根據國外醫療統計,約有1/3患者智力正常,另2/3患者智力受影響,部分病人有自閉行為。此類患者之治療,須視其結節或瘤塊發生之不同器官或部位予以適當的治療。
遺傳模式:
為一體染色體顯性遺傳,不分性別,每一胎皆有1/2機率罹患此症;但約有60%~70%患者,是因新的或散發性基因突變而導致此症。
以目前技術而言不容易以產前檢查診斷出此症,但若已知父母其中有一出現此症症狀,於母親懷孕早期約20週時,可用超音波偵測嬰兒的心臟是否發現腫瘤。
診斷:
以臨床對於TSC1及TSC2之基因診斷而言,根據過去發表之文獻,其可確認之突變約估結節性硬化中之80%左右。所以,如何以比較直接之基因診斷方式來進行突變分析對於TSC1及TSC2基因之基因分析是相當重要的。
由於TSC1及TSC2基因相當龐大且複雜,突變分析對於這類基因而言是相當困難的。目前國內已有研究室發展完成DNA突變分析儀(Denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography,DHPLC)進行此症之基因檢測服務。
預後:
根據國外醫療統計,約有1/3患者智力正常,另2/3患者弱智,部分病人有自閉行為。此類患者之治療,須視其結節或瘤塊發生之不同器官或部位予以適當的治療。
此症患孩半數可擁有正常的生活,需謹慎且警覺地觀察身體上各器官可能發生的廣泛性徵兆;約40%~60%患孩會有不同程度的學習困難與失能現象,如語言,讀/拼字及動作方面相關問題,應尋求社會上學習失能團體或組織的幫忙及支持。
目前需加強社會大眾對此症的了解,結合患者和家屬的力量,相互扶持,共同渡過每一個可能出現的狀況。
*以上資訊轉自「罕見遺傳疾病一點通及罕見疾病基金會」網頁。
資料維護人:罕見疾病中心 楊閔喬
更新日期:2024-06-20
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