Glossary - Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects [1999]

Glossary - Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects [1999]

Source:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK20421/

Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects. 6th edition.
Siegel GJ, Agranoff BW, Albers RW, et al., editors.
Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1999.

Glossary
AA
arachidonic acid

AADC
aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase

AANAT
aryl alkylamine N-acetyltransferase

AAV
adeno-associated virus

ABC
ATP-binding cassette

Aβ
amyloid β-peptide

AC
adenylyl cyclase

ACh
acetylcholine

AChE
acetylcholinesterase

AChR
acetylcholine receptor

ACTH
adrenocorticotrophic hormone

AD
Alzheimer's disease

ADP
adenosine 5′-diphosphate

AIDS
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

AIP
acute intermittent porphyria

AKAP
protein kinase A anchoring protein

AL
argininosuccinate lyase

ALD
adrenoleukodystrophy

ALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

AMD
age-related macular degeneration;

acid maltase deficiency

AMN
adrenomyeloneuropathy

AMOG
adhesion molecule on glia

AMP
adenosine 5′-monophosphate

AMP-PNP
adenylylimidodiphosphate

AMPA
α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid

AMPT
α-methyl-p-tyrosine

ANP
atrial natriuretic peptide

l-AP4
l-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate

ApCAM
Aplysia cell adhesion molecule

APDC
2r,4r-4-aminopyrrolidine-2-4-dicarboxylate

ApoE
apolipoprotein E

APP
amyloid precursor protein

APPL
β-amyloid precursor like protein

ARAS
ascending reticular activating system

ARF
ADP-ribosylation factor

ARIA
ACh receptor-inducing activity

Arp1
actin related protein 1

AS
argininosuccinate synthetase

ATF
activating transcription factor

ATP
adenosine 5′-triphosphate

βAPP
β-amyloid precursor protein

βARK
β-adrenergic receptor kinase

βLPH
β-lipotropin

BAPTA
1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N-N-N′-N′-tetraacetic acid

BBB
blood-brain barrier

BCAA
branched chain amino acids

BCP
bag cell peptides

BCDHC
branched chain dehydrogenase complex

BCH
2-aminonorbornane-2-carboxylic acid

BDNF
brain-derived neurotrophic factor

BH4
tetrahydrobiopterin

BMAA
β-N-methylamino-l-alanine

BMP
bone morphogenetic proteins

BNP
brain natriuretic peptide

BOLD
blood oxygenation level dependent

BPB
p-bromophenacyl bromide

BSE
bovine spongiform encephalopathy

BTX
batrachotoxin

BuChE
butyryl (or pseudo) cholinesterases

CA
catecholamines

cADPr
cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose

CAK
CDK-activating kinase

CAKAK
CAK-activating kinase

CAM
cell adhesion molecule

CaMK
Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinases

cAMP
cyclic AMP; adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate

CBF
cerebral blood flow

CBP
CREB-binding protein

CBV
cerebral blood volume

CCK
cholecystokinin

cdc
cell division cycle (protein)

cDNA
complementary DNA

CDF
cholinergic differentiation factor

CDK
cyclin-dependent kinase

CDP
cytidine diphosphate

CDP·DAG
cytidine diphosphate diacylglycerol

Cer-Glc
glucocerebroside

CF
climbing fiber

CFTR
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

CG
complementation groups

cGMP
cyclic GMP; guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate

CGRP
calcitonin gene-related peptide

ChAT
choline acetyltransferase

CICR
Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release

CIDP
chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

CIF
Ca2+ influx factor

CIRL
Ca2+ independent receptor for latrotoxin

CJD
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

CK
creatine kinase

CMR
cerebral metabolic rate

CMRglc
cerebral metabolic rate for glucose

CMRA
cerebral metabolic rate for ammonia

CMRO2
cerebral metabolic rate for O2

CMT
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

cNG
cyclic nucleotide-gated channel

CNP
2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase

CNS
central nervous system

CNTF
ciliary neurotrophic factor

rCNT
nucleoside cotransporter

CoA
coenzyme A

COMT
catechol-O-methyltransferase

Con A
concanavalin A

COP-1
copolymer-1

CORT
corticosterone

COX
cytochrome oxidase;

cyclooxygenase

CPE
carboxypeptidase E

CPK
creatine phosphokinase

mCPP
m-chlorophenylpiperazine

2r-CPPene
3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl) 1-propenyl-1-phosphonic acid

CPS
carbamyl phosphate synthetase

CPT
carnitine palmitoyltransferase

CRE
cAMP responsive element

CREB
CRE-binding (protein)

CREM
CRE-modulatory (protein)

CRH
corticotropin releasing hormone

CRM
(immunological) cross-reacting material

CRP
creatine phosphate

CS
conditioned stimulus

CSF
cerebrospinal fluid

Csk
C-terminal Src kinase

CSP
cysteine string protein

CT
computed tomography

CT-1
cardiotrophin 1

CTP
cytidine 5′-triphosphate

CTX
cortex

DA
dopamine

DAG
diacylglycerol

DAO
diamine oxidase

d-AP5
d-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid

DARPP-32
dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa

DAT
dopamine transporter

DBH
dopamine β-hydroxylase

DBI
diazepam-binding inhibitor

DBM
dopamine β-monooxygenase

5,7-DCK
5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid

DDC
dopa decarboxylase

2DG
2-deoxy-d-glucose

DHA
docosahexaenoic acid

DHAP
dihydroxyacetone phosphate

DHAP-AT
dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyl transferase

DHEA
dihydroepiandrosterone

DHT
5α-dihydrotestosterone

DHPR
dihydropteridine reductase

5,7-DHT
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine

DMD
Duchenne muscular dystrophy

l-DOPA
3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine

DOPAC
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid

DRG
dorsal root ganglia

DS
Down's syndrome

DSS
Derjerine-Sottas syndrome

EAAC
excitatory amino acid carrier; see EAAT

EAAT
excitatory amino acid transporter; see EAAC

EAE
experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

EAN
experimental allergic neuritis

ECM
extracellular matrix

ECT
electroconvulsive therapy

EDRF
endothelium-derived relaxing factor

EEG
electroencephalogram

EGF
epidermal growth factor

EGFR
epidermal growth factor receptor

ELISA
enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay

ELH
egg laying hormone

EM
electron microscopy

EMG
electromyogram

ENS
enteric nervous system

EPA
eicosapentaenoic acid

Eph
erythropoietin producing hepatocellular receptor

EPP
evoked end plate potential

EPS
extrapyramidal syndrome

EPSC
excitatory postsynaptic current

EPSP
excitatory postsynaptic potential

ER
endoplasmic reticulum

ERG
early response genes

ERK
extracellularly regulated kinase

ES
embryonic stem cells

ETF
electron-transferring flavoprotein

FAD
flavin adenine dinucleotide

FAK
focal adhesion kinase

FDA
[18F]fluorodopamine

FDOPA
[18F]6-fluoro-DOPA

FFA
free fatty acid

FFI
fatal familial insomnia

FGF
fibroblast growth factor

FGFR
fibroblast growth factor receptor

FMN
flavin mononucleotide

FMRF-NH2
Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide, a molluscan excitatory neuropeptide

fMRI
functional magnetic resonance imaging

FSH
follicle stimulating hormone

Gαgust
gustducin Gα protein

G6P
glucose 6-phosphate

GABA
γ-aminobutyric acid

GABA-T
GABA transaminase

GAD
glutamic acid decarboxylase

GAG
glycosaminoglycans

Gal
galactose

galC
galactocerebroside

GalNAc
N-acetylgalactosamine

GAP
GTPase-activating protein

GAP-43
growth-associated protein of 43 kDa

GBS
Guillain-Barré syndrome

Guillain-Barre syndrome (格林-巴利症候群)

GC
glucocorticoid

GCS
glycine cleavage system

GDI
GDP-dissociation inhibitor

GDNF
glial-derived neurotrophic factor

GDP
guanosine 5′-diphosphate

GEF
guanine nucleotide exchange factor

GEMSA
guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid

GFAP
glial fibrillary acidic protein

GGF
glial growth factor

GI
gastrointestinal (tract)

GIP
GTPase inhibitory protein

GIRK
G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ channel

GL
granular layer

GLAST
glutamate-aspartate transporter

Glc
glucose

GLC
gas-liquid chromatography

GlcNAc
N-acetylglucosamine

GluR
glutamate receptor

GLUT
glucose transporter

GLT
glutamate transporter

GMP
guanosine 5′-monophosphate

GnRH
gonadotropin releasing hormone

GPCR
G-protein-coupled receptor

GPI
glycosylphosphatidylinositol

Gpl
lateral globus pallidus

Gpm
medial globus pallidus

Gpx
glutathione peroxidase

Grb
growth factor receptor binding protein

GRE
glucocorticoid response element

GRK
G protein receptor kinase

GS
glycogen synthetase

glycogen synthase (肝醣合成酶)

GSH
Glutathione

Glutathione (穀胱甘肽)

GSS
Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome

GTP
guanosine 5′-triphosphate

HC
hippocampus; see also HpC

HCHWA-D
hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of the Dutch type

HDC
l-histidine decarboxylase

HE
hepatic encephalopathy

HETE
hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid

HGPRT
hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase

5-HIAA
5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid

HIOMT
5-hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase

HIV
human immunodeficiency virus

HLA
human leukocyte antigen

HLH
helix-loop-helix transcriptional regulator

HMG
β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl

HMM
heavy meromyosin

HMT
histamine N-methyltransferase

HNPP
hereditary neuropathy with predisposition to pressure palsies

HpC
hippocampus; see also HC

HPETE
hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid

HPLC
high-performance liquid chromatography

HPRT
hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase

HPTLC
high-performance thin layer chromatography

5-HT
5-hydroxytryptamine; serotonin

5-HTP
5-hydroxytryptophan

HVA
homovanillic acid

ICRAC
Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+ current

IAA
imidazoleacetic acid

ICAM
intercellular adhesion molecule

IF
intermediate filaments

Ig
immunoglobulin

IGF
insulin-like growth factor

IL
interleukin

INSR
insulin receptor

IP1
inositol 1-phosphate

IP2
inositol 1,4-bisphosphate

IP3
inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate

IP4
inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate

IRD
infantile Refsum disease

IPSP
inhibitory postsynaptic potential

IRS
insulin receptor substrate

ITP
inosine phosphate

ITR
inverted repeated sequence

IVG
isovalerylglycine

JP
joining peptide

Kca
Ca2+-activated K+ channels

Kerg
ether-a-go-go-related K+ channels

Kir
inwardly rectifying K+ channels

Kv
voltage-gated K+ channels

KA
kainic acid

α-KG
α-ketoglutarate

αKGDH
α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

KGDHC
α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

KPI
Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor
# protease (蛋白酶) 

KRP
kinesin related protein

KSS
Kearns-Sayre syndrome

LC
locus ceruleus

LCAD
long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

LCHAD
long chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase

LDCV
large dense-core vesicle

LDH
lactate dehydrogenase

LDL
low density lipoprotein

LEMS
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome

LH
luteinizing hormone

LHON
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy

LHRH
luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone

LIF
leukemia inhibitory factor

LIFR
leukemia inhibitory factor receptor

LMM
light meromyosin

LNAA
large neutral amino acid

LPS
lipopolysaccharide

LSD
lysergic acid diethylamide

LTD
long-term depression

LTP
long-term potentiation

mAChR
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

MAG
myelin-associated glycoprotein

MAGUK
membrane-associated guanylyl kinase homolog

MAO
monoamine oxidase

MAOI
monoamine oxidase inhibitors

MAP
microtubule-associated protein

MAPK
mitogen-activated protein kinase

MAPKAP
MAP-kinase-activated protein kinase

MARCKS
myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C substrate

MAS
malate-aspartate shuttle

MASC
myotube-associated specificity component

MBO
membrane-bounded organelle

MBP
myelin basic protein

MCAD
medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase

MCHAD
medium chain 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase

MDMA
3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine

MDR
multidrug resistance protein

MeAIB
2-methylamino-isobutyric acid

MeDOPA
3-O-methyl-DOPA

MEK
MAPK/ERK activating kinase

MEKK
MEK kinase

MELAS
mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes

MEPP
miniature end plate potential

MERRF
myoclonus epilepsy with ragged red fibers

MF
microfilament

MG
myasthenia gravis

mGluR
metabotropic glutamate receptor

MH
malignant hyperthermia

t-MH
tele-methylhistamine

MHC
major histocompatibility complex

MHPG
3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol

t-MIAA
tele-methylimidazole acetic acid

MKP
MAP-kinase phosphatases

ML
molecular layer

MLD
metachromatic leukodystrophy

MMA
methylmalonic acid

MMN
multifocal motor neuropathy

MOG
myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein

MPP+
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium

MPTP
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine

MRP
multidrug resistant proteins

MRI
magnetic resonance imaging

mRNA
messenger RNA

MS
multiple sclerosis

MSA
multiple system atrophy

MSD
multiple sulfatase deficiency

MSUD
maple syrup urine disease

MT
microtubule

3-MT
3-methoxytyramine

mtDNA
mitochondrial DNA

MTOC
microtubule-organizing center

MuSK
muscle specific kinase

Na,K-ATPase
(Na++K+)-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase

NAAG
N-acetylaspartyl glutamate

NAALADase
N-acetyl alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase

nAChR
nicotinic ACh receptor

NAD+
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized)

NADH
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced)

NADP+
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (oxidized)

NADPH
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced)

NAG
N-acetylglutamate

NALD
neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy

NANA
N-acetylneuraminic acid

NBQX
6-nitro 7-sulphamobenzo[f]quinoxaline-2,3-dione

NC
neural crest

NCAM
neural cell adhesion molecule

NDF
neu differentiation factor

nDNA
nuclear DNA

NE
norepinephrine

NET
norepinephrine transporter

NF
neurofilament;

neurofibro-matosis

NFT
neurofibrillary tangle

NgCAM
neuronal glial cell adhesion molecule

NGF
nerve growth factor

NGFR
nerve growth factor receptor

NHE
Na+/H+ antiporters

NIPP
nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase

NKH
nonketotic hyperglycinemia

NMDA
N-methyl-d-aspartate

NMJ
neuromuscular junction

NMR
nuclear magnetic resonance

NO
nitric oxide

NOS
nitric oxide synthase

NPY
neuropeptide Y

NRD
N-arginine dibasic

NRPTK
nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase

NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

NSF
N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor

NT
neurotrophin

OAG
1-oleoyl, 2-acetyl sn-glycerol

OCD
obsessive-compulsive disorder

OCRL
oculocerebrorenal syndrome

6-OHDA
6-hydroxydopamine

Ol
oligodendrocyte

3-OMD
3-O-methyldopa

OTC
ornithine transcarbamylase

∼P
high-energy phosphate bond

Pi
inorganic phosphate

PA
phosphatidic acid

PACAP
pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide

PAF
platelet-activating factor

PAH
phenylalanine hydroxylase

PAL
peptidyl-α-hydroxyglycine α-amidating lyase

PAM
peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase

PaO2
partial pressure of ambient arterial oxygen

PARP
polyADP-ribose polymerase

PAS
periodic acid Schiff base

PBN
N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone

PC
phosphatidylcholine;

prohormone convertase

PCA
parachloroamphetamine

PCL
Purkinje cell layers

PCP
phencyclidine

PCPA
parachlorophenylalanine

PCR
polymerase chain reaction

PCr
phosphocreatine

PD
Parkinson's disease

PDE
phosphodiesterase

PDGF
platelet-derived growth factor

PDGFR
platelet-derived growth factor receptor

PDHC
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

PEPCK
phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

PET
positron emission tomography

PFC
prefrontal cortex

PFK
phosphofructokinase

PG
prostaglandin

PGK
phosphoglycerate kinase

PGM
phosphoglycerate mutase

PGS
prostaglandin G/H synthase

PH
pleckstrin-homology

PHAL
Phaseolus vulgaris leukoagglutinin

PHF
paired, helically wound, ∼10 nm filament

PHGPx
phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase

PHM
peptidylglycine α-hydroxylating monooxygenase

PI
phosphatidylinositol;

phosphoinositide

PI 3-kinase
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

PIP
phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate

PIP2
phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate

PI-PLC
phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C

PKA
protein kinase A; cAMP-dependent protein kinase

PKC
protein kinase C; Ca2+/diacylglycerol-dependent protein kinase

PKG
protein kinase G; cGMP-dependent protein kinase

PKU
phenylketonuria

PLA
phospholipase A

PLC
phospholipase C

PLD
phospholipase D

PLP
proteolipid protein

PMCA
plasma-membrane Ca2+ pump

PMD
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease

PML
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

PMP
peripheral myelin protein

PNMT
phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase

PNS
peripheral nervous system

pO2
local partial pressure for O2

POMC
proopiomelanocortin

POU
a conserved region in pit-1, oct-1, oct-2 and unc-86 proteins

PP1 or PP2
protein phosphatase 1 or 2

PPADS
pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulfonic acid

PRL
prolactin

proANF
proatrial natriuretic factor

PrP
prion protein

PrPSc
scrapie prion protein

PS
pregnenolone sulfate;

phosphatidylserine—see PtdSer;

presenilin

PSA
polysialic acid

PSE
portal-systemic encephalopathy

PSEP
postsynaptic excitatory potential; see EPSP

PsmR
presynaptic membrane receptor

PSP
progressive supranuclear palsy

PT
pars tuberalis

PTB
phosphotyrosine binding domain

PTBR
peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor

PtdCho
phosphatidylcholine

PtdEtn
phosphatidylethanolamine

PtdIns
phosphatidylinositol

PtdIns 4P
phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate

PtdIns 4,5P2
phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate

PtdOH
phosphatidic acid

PtdSer
phosphatidylserine

PTH
parathyroid hormone

PTK
protein tyrosine kinase

PTP
protein tyrosine phosphatase

PTS-1
peroxisomal targeting signals (C-terminal)

PTS-2
peroxisomal targeting signals (N-terminal)

PTSD
post-traumatic stress disorder

PVN
paraventricular nucleus

PYK
proline-rich tyrosine kinase

PZ
pirenzepine

R*
photoactivated rhodopsin

RACK
receptors for activated protein kinase C

RAGS
repulsive axon guidance signal

RAK
delayed rectifier potassium channel

RCDP
rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata

rCMRglc
regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose

REM
rapid eye movement

RER
rough endoplasmic reticulum

RFLP
restriction fragment length polymorphism

RGS
regulators of G protein signaling

ROS
reactive oxygen species

RP
retinitis pigmentosa

RPTK
receptor protein tyrosine kinase; see also RTK

RQ
respiratory quotient

RR
ryanodine receptor calcium ion channel

Rsk
ribosomal protein S6 kinase

RTK
receptor tyrosine kinase; see also RPTK

RT-PCR
reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction

RVD
regulatory volume decrease

RVI
regulatory volume increase

SAG
Schwann cell membrane associated glycoprotein

SAH
S-adenosylhomocysteine

SAM
S-adenosylmethionine

SAPK
stress activated protein kinase

SBP
serotonin binding protein

Sca
slow component a (of axonal transport)

SCAD
short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

SCAMP
secretory carrier membrane protein

Scb
slow component b (of axonal transport)

SCG
superior cervical ganglion

SCHAD
short chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase

SCIP
suppressed cyclic AMP-inducible POU domain protein

SCN
suprachiasmatic nuclei

ScTX
scorpion toxin

SDS
sodium dodecylsulfate

SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

SE
status epilepticus

SEK
SAPK kinase

SER
smooth endoplasmic reticulum

SERCA
smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ antiporter

SERT
serotonin transporter

SGPG
sulfate-3-glucuronyl paragloboside

SH
src homology domain

SHC
src homology collagen-like protein

SHP
SH2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase

SHIP
src homology inositol phosphatase

SHMT
serine hydroxymethyltransferase

SIF
small, intensely fluorescent (cells)

SMDF
sensory and motor neuron-derived growth factor

SMP
Schwann cell myelin protein

SNAP
soluble NSF attachment protein

SNc
substantia nigra pars compacta

SNE
subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy

SNr
substantia nigra pars reticulata

SNT
suc-associated neurotrophic factor-induced tyrosine-phosphorylated target

SOD
superoxide dismutase

SOS
son of sevenless (a G protein)

SPECT
single photon emission computerized tomography

SR
sarcoplasmic reticulum

SRF
serum responsive factor

SRP
signal recognition particle

SSADH
succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase

SSRI
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

SSPE
subacute sclerosing panencephalomyelitis

SSV
small secretory vesicles

ST
striatum

STN
subthalamic nucleus

Str
striatum

SVZ
subventricular zones

SWD
spike and wave discharges

TBPS
t-butyl bicyclophosphorothionate

TC
transcobalamin

TCA
tricyclic antidepressant;

tricarboxylic acid (cycle)

TCR
T cell receptor

TEXAN
toxin extruding antiporter

TGFβ
transforming growth factor β

TH
tyrosine hydroxylase

THIP
4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo-[5,4-c]pyridine-3-ol

THPROG
3α, 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one

TK
transketolase

TLC
thin-layer chromatography

TM; TMD
transmembrane spanning domain

TNF
tumor necrosis factor

TP
trifunctional protein

TPA
tissue plasminogen activator;

12-d-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate

TRE
12-d-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate response element

TRH
thyrotropin-releasing hormone

TSE
transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone

TTP
thiamine triphosphate

TTX
tetrodotoxin

Ub
ubiquitin

UDP
uridine 5′-diphosphate

UDP-glucose
uridine diphosphoglucose

US
unconditioned stimulus

UTP
uridine 5′-triphosphate

VAChT
vesicular acetylcholine transporter

VAMP
vesicle associated membrane protein; synaptobrevin

VBR
ventricular:brain ratio

VGCC
voltage-gated Ca2+ channel

VIP
vasoactive intestinal peptide

VLCAD
very long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase

VLCFA
very long chain fatty acids

VMAT
vesicular membrane amine transporters

VMH
ventromedial hypothalamus

VNO
vomeronasal organ

VPM
ventral posterior medial nucleus

VT
ventral tegmentum

WIPTIDE
Walsh inhibitor protein peptide

WM
white matter

YAC
yeast artificial chromosome

YAP
yeast aspartyl protease
# protease (蛋白酶) 

ZS
Zellweger syndrome

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Copyright © 1999, American Society for Neurochemistry.