reduced glutathione (還原型穀胱甘肽)

reduced glutathione
還原型穀胱甘肽
reduced glutathione (還原型穀胱甘肽)
還原型穀胱甘肽 (reduced glutathione)

reduced glutathione (GSH)
還原型穀胱甘肽
reduced glutathione (GSH) (還原型穀胱甘肽)
還原型穀胱甘肽 (reduced glutathione (GSH))

oxidized glutathione
氧化型穀胱甘肽
oxidized glutathione (氧化型穀胱甘肽)
氧化型穀胱甘肽 (oxidized glutathione)

oxidized glutathione (GSSG)
氧化型穀胱甘肽
oxidized glutathione (GSSG) (氧化型穀胱甘肽)
氧化型穀胱甘肽 (oxidized glutathione (GSSG))

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reduced glutathione
還原型穀胱甘肽
reduced glutathione (還原型穀胱甘肽)
還原型穀胱甘肽 (reduced glutathione)

資訊來源：

https://www.acs.org/molecule-of-the-week/archive/g/glutathione.html

Molecule of the Week Archive

Glutathione

May 29, 2017

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I’m a natural antioxidant that is key to the immune system.
What molecule am I?

 

Glutathione is a tripeptide that consists of the amino acids glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine. This natural antioxidant exists in every cell of most organisms, including all animals and plants. Its reducing power comes from the thiol group in the cysteine linkage.

In 1929, Frederick Gowland Hopkins at the University of Cambridge (UK) isolated glutathione from yeast. He noted that its concentration in yeast is 0.1 wt% or greater and that the substance is also present in red blood corpuscles. The same year, Hopkins and Dutch physician Christiaan Eijkman were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their research on the concept of vitamins*, although the only one they actually discovered was vitamin B₁ (thiamine).

The first synthesis of glutathione is credited to chemist Vincent du Vigneaud of Cornell Medical College (New York City; now Weill Cornell Medicine) in 1952. Du Vigneaud was also a Nobel awardee; he won the chemistry prize in 1955 for his work on biologically important sulfur compounds.

This April, Dirk Brenner at the Luxembourg Institute of Health and coauthors in seven countries reported that, in addition to its function as an antioxidant, glutathione also stimulates T cell energy metabolism. This stimulation allows T cells to generate an optimal immune response and fight off pathogens. This discovery may lead to new therapies against cancer and autoimmune diseases.

*Polish biochemist Casimir Funk made the discovery earlier than Hopkins and Eijkman, but the Nobel committee chose not to include him in the award. See the Nobel Prize Web site for this strange story.

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