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Hyperhomocysteinemia is a condition characterized by elevated circulating levels of homocysteine (>15 μmol/L). Mild and moderate forms are frequent and present in 5%–10% of the population [11]. These forms are generally of multifactorial origin, and they are associated with higher mortality and incidence of several chronic diseases, such as stroke, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, bone fractures and heart failure [12]. Causes of mild/moderate hyperhomocysteinemia are described in Table 1.
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